Sickle cell disease subphenotypes in patients from Southwestern Province of Saudi Arabia.
PMID 22322941 | DOI 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3182422844 · Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology · 2012
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is common in the Eastern and Southwestern (SW) Provinces of Saudi Arabia. We studied 159 patients with SCD to better characterize its phenotype in the SW Province, where patients usually have a HBB haplotype of African origin. All cases had history and examination, chart review, and laboratory testing. Blood tests were obtained during steady state and included: complete blood count, reticulocytes, hemoglobin electrophoresis, lactate dehydrogenase, and G6PD level. HBB haplotype and presence of α-thalassemia were also determined. Frequency of various SCD complications was as follows: painful episodes of variable severity occurred in majority of patients (98%), osteonecrosis (14%), acute chest syndrome (22%), splenic sequestration (23%), gallstones (34%), stroke (7.5%), priapism (2.6%), serious infections (11.5%), and persistent splenomegaly (11%) beyond 5 years of age. No patient had leg ulcer. History of asthma and high steady state white blood cells count were associated with increased risk of acute chest syndrome. Coinheritance of α-thalassemia was associated with a lower frequency of gallstones. Higher fetal hemoglobin level was associated with persistent splenomegaly but not with other complications. Splenic sequestration was more common among males and was associated with lower steady state hemoglobin. SCD phenotype in the SW Province is variable and comparable with African Americans except for the rarity of priapism and the absence of leg ulcers. Fetal hemoglobin level was not associated with SCD vaso-occlusive complications. New genetic modifiers and environmental factors might modulate the phenotype of SCD in Saudi Arabia.
Validated evidence
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | HBB | “We studied 159 patients with SCD to better characterize its phenotype in the SW Province, where patients usually have a HBB haplotype of African origin.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | G6PD | “Blood tests were obtained during steady state and included: complete blood count, reticulocytes, hemoglobin electrophoresis, lactate dehydrogenase, and G6PD level.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | sickle cell disease | “Sickle cell disease subphenotypes in patients from Southwestern Province of Saudi Arabia.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| phenotype | stroke | “Frequency of various SCD complications was as follows: painful episodes of variable severity occurred in majority of patients (98%), osteonecrosis (14%), acute chest syndrome (22%), splenic sequestration (23%), gallstones (34%), stroke (7.5%), priapism (2.6%), serious infections (11.5%), and persistent splenomegaly (11%) beyond 5 years of age.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| phenotype | asthma | “History of asthma and high steady state white blood cells count were associated with increased risk of acute chest syndrome.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| population | Saudi Arabia, Western Province | “Sickle cell disease subphenotypes in patients from Southwestern Province of Saudi Arabia. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is common in the Eastern and Southwestern (SW) Provinces of Saudi Arabia. We studied 159 patients with SCD to better characterize its phenotype in the SW Province, where patients usually have a HBB haplotype of African origin. New genetic modifiers and environmental factors might modulate the phenotype of SCD in Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |